Aphasia is a problem with language. A person with aphasia may have trouble speaking, understanding words, reading, or writing, even though their mouth and hearing may seem normal.
What is aphasia?
Aphasia happens when parts of the brain that deal with language are affected. It is often linked with Stroke, but it can also happen after a Head Injury or other brain problems.
It does not always mean the person is confused. Sometimes they know what they want to say but cannot find the words.
What might aphasia look like?
Possible signs include:
- trouble speaking clearly in full sentences
- using the wrong words
- difficulty understanding what is being said
- trouble reading
- trouble writing
- seeming frustrated because communication is hard
Is aphasia the same as slurred speech?
No. Slurred speech is usually about how words sound. Aphasia is about language itself.
A person with aphasia may speak clearly but use the wrong words, or they may understand only part of what is being said to them.
If the main issue is that words sound slurred rather than language being affected, see Dysarthria.
Why does aphasia matter in first aid?
New aphasia can be a warning sign of a serious brain problem. If it starts suddenly, treat it as urgent.
That is because sudden language problems can happen with Stroke or a Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA).
What should you do if someone suddenly cannot communicate properly?
- Treat it as urgent.
- Call
000straight away. - Look for other stroke-style signs such as facial drooping, arm weakness, or confusion.
- Keep the person safe and calm.
- Watch breathing and responsiveness.
If the person becomes Unresponsive and is not breathing normally, start CPR.
How does this fit with neurological assessment?
Language changes are one of the things you may notice during a Neurological Assessment. They can help show that something is affecting the brain.
Quick answer
Aphasia is a language problem that can affect speaking, understanding, reading, or writing. If it starts suddenly, it can be a sign of stroke or another serious brain problem and needs urgent medical attention.
Sources reviewed
- Healthdirect: stroke and the FAST test
- Stroke Foundation: signs of stroke
- Triple Zero: official emergency calling guidance
Reviewed against current Australian neurological, first aid and emergency guidance by the First Aid Glossary Editorial Team. This article is general information and does not replace emergency-operator directions, professional medical advice or hands-on first aid training.
